Abbas II

Abbas II (1874-1944), last khedive (Turkish viceroy) of Egypt. His full name was Abbas Hilmi Pasha. He succeeded his father Muhammad Tawfik Pasha to the throne of Egypt in 1892. During the early years of his reign he opposed British interference in Egyptian affairs. After 1900, however, he was compelled to cooperate with progressive measures instituted by the British resident at Cairo. During his reign Egypt reconquered the Sudan (1898) and the railway to Khartoum, Sudan, was completed (1899), as was the first Aswân Dam (1902). Abbas II supported the Ottoman Turks in World War I and was deposed in 1914, when Great Britain established a protectorate over Egypt. He spent the rest of his life in exile.