I.

Introduction

Chad, officially Republic of Chad, landlocked republic in north-central Africa, bounded on the north by Libya, on the east by Sudan, on the south by the Central African Republic, and on the west by Cameroon, Nigeria, and Niger. A former French colony, Chad gained full independence on August 11, 1960. It has an area of 1,284,000 sq km (495,755 sq mi). The capital of Chad is N’Djamena (formerly Fort-Lamy).